Markting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Markting - Essay Example Least useful or appropriate? Your response should be well thought out and insightful. There are many companies in the world which are using the Internet as a medium to expand their business. One of the well renowned companies that is using the Internet to expand its business is Kellogg Company, popularly known as Kellogg’s. The company has its own website to assist its customers and provide the customers with a healthy service. The main vision of the company is to provide its customers with more improved and advanced products. Moreover, the company plans to provide the new products with more nutrition and taste to meet the standard of good quality products. For instance, the company launched products like Frosted Mini-wheat Little Bites, as well as Kellogg’s Raisin Bran, in the month of February 2012. These products were launched in order to satisfy the needs of the customers because it was through customer feedback, which was given on their official website, facilitate d the company to bring the products in the market. Through various social networking websites like Facebook, Kellogg’s has also been able to gather information about the customers’ likes and dislikes. ... The company is able to comprehend customers’ preferences towards a particular product. The website helps in taking decisions related to future product expansion strategy for the company. The customer service and feedback system, which is created on the official website, helps the company to gain knowledge about the customer preferences within a very short span of time. Moreover, the company is able to save a substantial amount of costs by doing a thoroughgoing marketing survey in different regions which would enhance the requirement of cost allocation. All together, the company is able to gather information about the product preferences among the consumers from amongst the large population of the entire world through the use of website (Kellogg Co.). On the other hand, there are few drawbacks while seeking to gather valuable customer related information through website as has been done by Kellogg’s. In this process of gathering information, the company generally would b e receiving individual feedback and not a group feedback from its customers. This can create certain hindrances for the company regarding the kind of strategy to follow. The company might face difficulty while analyzing the feedback from each and every customer. Different customers will have different feedbacks to provide and the company has to shrewdly decide which strategy to follow and which strategy not to follow. In the long run, the company might face difficulties in devising a single profitable strategy. Moreover, this process might be time consuming for the company. Whereas, when the feedbacks come in a group, the company does not have to spend time in deciding what strategy to follow as one single strategy will give the company to earn a lot of profit. The strategy of gathering

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Patient with Nose Defect

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Patient with Nose Defect Case Report Authors: Satyabodh S Guttal, MDS,MFPT 1, Blessy Bangera, BDS,2 Adarsh Kudva,  MDS,3 Basavaraj R Patil, MS, 4 Abstract Midfacial defects are enormous defects that result from cancer treatment that rarely are corrected by surgical reconstruction alone; they generally require a facial prosthesis to restore function and appearance. Surgical reconstruction may be viable for few defects, which are done with different flaps. But for the total nasal resection, prosthetic option would be more feasible. Nasal cartilaginous anatomy is complex due to the varying contours. Therefore it may be difficult for the surgeon to reconstruct the entire nose. This clinical report describes the rehabilitation of a large midfacial nose defect with a dental implant retained nasal prosthesis. The patient had adenocystic carcinoma of the medial maxillary wall extending to the nose. Introduction The face being the most noticeable part of the body when disfigured may lead to an impaired social life stemming from esthetic problems. 1, 2 Among facial defects, nasal defects produce severe cosmetic impairment. . Rehabilitation of such defects subsequent to surgery is done in a sequential manner, which includes a surgical, provisional, and definitive prosthesis. 3 Prosthesis helps restore the patients self-esteem and confidence, hence affecting the patients and their life style. 4-6 Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant perineural tumour of the major and minor salivary glands, accounting for 2% of all head and neck malignancies and approximately 10% of all salivary gland neoplasms. 60% to 70% of ACC’s arise in the minor salivary glands, which may be localized in the palate, paranasal sinuses and nose, although they may also occur in the parotid or submandibular glands.7 In the past, nasal prostheses were held in position with strings or straps fastened behind the head,8 intranasal or intraoral extensions,9,10 and gold strings or leaves.11-13 Spectacle frames have been accepted for securing nasal prostheses.14,15 Today, with the development of biomaterials, prosthetic substitutes are secured with readily available adhesives that are effortlessly applied 16 however, the effectiveness of adhesives is questionable considering presence of mobile tissues in the defect, nasal secretions, and moist air associated with respiration.17 These factors would compromise the adhesiveness. The concept of osseointegration 18 has enabled a more reliable mode of retaining nasal prostheses. 19 This clinical report describes the rehabilitation of a large midfacial defect using an implant retained nasal prosthesis. Clinical Report: A 63-year-old female patient who reported to the B.R Patil Cancer hospital, Navanagar, Dharwad was diagnosed with adenocystic carcinoma of the medial maxillary wall. Patient had no medical co-morbidity. Patient gave history of nasal obstruction due to nasal mass on left side of the nostril for which medial maxillectomy was done via endoscopic approach in the year 1993. Then in 2012 she reported back with the complaint of nodular swelling over nasal dorsum with tearing and nasal obstruction with no orbital symptoms. Intra-orally patient had destruction of palate on the left side crossing midline. Upon further investigation, biopsy revealed adenocystic carcinoma of the nose and left maxilla with no involvement of orbit or anterior skull base (Fig 1). Two cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin, 5 flurouracil and paclitaxel according to body surface area was given. The defect resulting after excision had to be covered at the earliest. Hence, prior to surgical intervention, prosthetic consultation was suggested to the patient who was thus referred to our Department of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics. Since an immediate definitive prosthesis was not feasible, the patient was suggested for temporary rehabilitation with an interim silicone nasal prosthesis with an attached eyeglass frame. However, since the patient expressed her displeasure towards spectacles for lifelong usage, she was given the option of implant-retained definitive silicone nose prosthesis. The patient agreed for the same. An orthopantomograph and computerized tomography scan were made as a part of the investigation to evaluate the bone height for implant placement. Left total maxillectomy with palatal resection across midline and total nasal resection done via weber ferguson incision, left modified radical neck dissection type three via macfee incision was made. The glabellar bone was evaluated on the operation table and upon conclusion that adequate bone was available; a single implant of 4.2 diameter x 6.5mm length, (Toureg S; Adin implants, Nazareth, Israel) was placed (Fig 2). The advantage of placing the implant on the operation table was that the patient would be under general anesthesia, and the psychological trauma of undergoing another surgical procedure was avoided. Following a healing period of 3 months the open tray impression posts were placed and the final impression was made. The abutment was placed on the implant and a custom made acrylic sleeve was fabricated for the abutment (Fig 3). A wax sculpted nose on the master cast was made to adapt to the margins of the healing wound. On either sides of the acrylic resin sleeve, two neodymium-iron-boron magnets, 5mm diameter x 1.2mm thick (Magnatech; Mumbai, India) were embedded into extensions made out of autopolymerising resin. The structure hence resembled a winged sleeve which was cemented on to the abutment using zinc-phosphate cement (Harvard Dental, Hoppegarten,Germany) (Fig 4). An acrylic resin index was fabricated over this structure which would harbor the respective magnetic keepers. The acrylic index was placed at its position over the magnets and was picked up by the wax nose that was placed on it using a drop of cyanoacrylate. The resulting wax nose thus incorporated an acrylic index with the magnetic keepers. This wax nose was carefully invested and the packing procedure using silicone and acrylic resin border framework, intrinsic coloring was carried out as mentioned for the interim above. Extrinsic coloring and pigmentation was done and patient was happy with the esthetic results. Digital weighing scale revealed that the definitive nasal prosthesis weighed around 12.2gms. The retentive force offered by the two neodymium-iron-boron magnets (Magnatech; Mumbai, India) was found to be 7.2N. The prosthesis was delivered to the patient (Fig 56). Following this, home-care instructions were given. In the subjective evaluation, the patient was very happy with the esthetics outcome of the prosthesis and expressed her great pleasure towards her ability to swallow liquids. The ryles tube continued to remain in place considering the general health condition of the patient and the need to feed semi solid food and protein supplements. The prosthesis was light in weight and could be comfortably placed in position as it was self-aligning due to the use of magnets. Patient, who is now on regular periodic follow-up ie, recalling at every 3 month period, is found to be doing well. Discussion Nasal reconstruction modalities comprises of primary closure, healing by secondary intention, skin grafts and local flaps and regional flaps. Small surgical defects can be treated well with different types of local flaps. The forehead flap is the better option for the large nasal defects. 20 The complex anatomical configuration may cause difficulty in surgical rehabilitation. In such cases, prosthetic closure is predictable and hence usually the treatment of choice. 21,22 The breakthrough for rehabilitation of facial defects with implant-retained prostheses came with the development of the modern silicones and bone anchorage. The limitations of the prosthesis were explained to the patient prior to the treatment, that fact that the prosthesis would enhance esthetics but would contribute less to the functions like speech and masticatory habits. Hence, the patient had no psychological set back on the prognosis of the treatment. In addition, there was a major set-back in terms of achieving outstanding esthetical and functional outcome due to the fact that all the work was carried out under technical constraints. This included a lack of time, chair-side patient availability, and ideal light conditions which, to an extent precluded optimal color blending. The main objective of treating this case was to close the open defect, to prevent the further spread of infection in the soft tissues exposed to the environment. The use of a magnetic assembly has eliminated the need for use of spectacle retention as per the patient’s request. The patient indicated that the nasal prosthesis reduced self-consciousness and was comfortable to wear without any type of irritation to the surrounding skin. The patient was pleased with her appearance and no longer found the need to wrap a cloth around her face. References Guttal SS, Patil NP, Thakur S, Kumar MV, Kulkarni S. Implant-Retained Nasal Prosthesis for a Patient Following Partial Rhinectomy: A Clinical Report . J Prosthodont 2009; 18:353–8. Kumar S, Rajtilak G, Rajasekar V, Kumar M. Nasal prosthesis for a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2013; 5:176-8. Marunick MT, Harrison R, Beumer J. Prosthodontic rehabilitation of midfacial defects. J Prosthet Dent 1985; 54:553-60. Buzayan MM. Prosthetic management of mid-facial defect with magnet-retained silicone prosthesis. Prosthet Orthot Int 2014; 38:62-7. Jain S, Maru K, Shukla J, Vyas A, Pillai R, Jain P. Nasal prosthesis rehabilitation: a case report. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2011; 11:265-9. Anantharaju A, Kamath G, Mody P, Nooji D. Prosthetic rehabilitation of Oro-nasal defect. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2011; 11:242-5. Shimamoto H, Chindasombatjaroen J, Kakimoto N, Kishino M, Murakami S, Furukawa S. Perineural spread of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the oral and maxillofacial regions: evaluation with contrast-enhanced CT and MRI. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2012; 41:143–51. Saunders RCH. The gunner with the silver mask. Am Med Hist 1941; 3:283-5. Kazanjian VH, Rowe AT, Young HA. Prosthesis of the mouth and face. J Dent Res 1932;12:1 Kazanjian VH. Treatment of nasal deformities. J Am Med Assoc 1925; 84:177. Bulbulian AH. Facial Prosthetics. Springfield IL, US, Ed 1, 1973 pp. 364-7. Baird WH. An artificial nose. Dent Cosmos 1905; 47:560. Baker L. An artificial nose and palate. Dent Cosmos 1905; 47: 561. Rodrigues S, Shenoy VK, Shenoy K. Prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient after partial rhinectomy: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2005; 93:125-8. Guttal SS, Patil NP, Shetye AD. Prosthetic rehabilitation of a midfacial defect resulting from lethal midline granuloma: a clinical report. J Oral Rehabil 2006; 33:863-7. Parel SM. Diminishing dependence on adhesive for retention of facial prosthesis. J Prosthet Dent 1980;43:552-60. Parel SM, Branemark PI, Tjellstrom A, Gion G. Osseointegration in maxillofacial prosthetics. Part II: extraoral applications. J Prosthet Dent 1986;55:600-6. Brà ¥nemark PI, Adell R, Breine U, Hansson BO, Lindstrà ¶m J, Ohlsson A. Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prostheses. I. Experimental studies. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1969;3:81-100. Nishimura RD, Roumanas E, Moy PK, Sugai T. Nasal defects and osseointegrated implants: UCLA experience. J Prosthet Dent 1996;76:597-02. Kose R, Okur MI. Reconstruction of the defects in the middle of the nose with subcutaneous pedicled nasolabial island flap: report of two cases. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg. 2009;19(5):272-276 Sashi Purna CR, Annapurna PD, Ahmed SB, Vurla S, Nalla S, Abhishek SM. Two-piece nasal septum prosthesis for a large nasal septum perforation: a clinical report. J Prosthodont 2013;22:143-7. Goveas R, Puttipisitchet O, Shrestha B, Thaworanunta S, Srithavaj ML. Silicone nasal prosthesis retained by an intranasal stent: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2012;108:129-32. Figure Legends: Fig 1: Preoperative patients photograph Fig 2: Placement of titanium dental implant in the glabella,-confirmed on the x-ray. Fig 3: Abutment threaded to implant and the trial of acrylic resin sleeve done. Fig 4: Cemented acrylic resin framework embedded with magnets on either side. Fig 5: Comparison between before and after prosthesis placement. Fig 6: Lateral profile of before and after prosthesis placement. Spectacle glasses were given to camouflage the borders of the prosthesis.

Politics Essay -- essays research papers

Politics: the inescapable stalker of our society Politics is a process by which a group of people, whose opinions or interests might be divergent, reach collective decisions that are generally regarded as binding on the group and enforced as common policy. Political theory or political philosophy is as old as the oldest civilisations. The Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle and Plato, developed important political theories and methods of government alongside their more abstract philosophies. One may contest that every society and every belief we hold is a reflection of the political system we live under. Politics, in it absolute form, is a concept of society that definitely intrudes into every aspect of human life. No one can escape it. The word politics comes from the Greek word â€Å"polis†, meaning the state or community as a whole. The concept of the â€Å"polis† was an ideal state and came from the writings of great political thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle. In his novel "The Republic", Plato describes the ideal state and the means to achieve it. Hence, the word politics originally has connotations in the ways in which to create the ideal society. An ideal society is in practice a rather difficult aim and even an impossible aim to achieve. Imperfections in society inspired Aristotle and Plato to compose the first written political philosophies. In Aristotle's â€Å"The Politics†, he states that, â€Å"Man is by nature a political animal†, in another words, it is a primal instinct of man. Therefore, in his statement, Aristotle concludes politics is not a dreamt up concept, but rather an inherent feature of mankind. Argument, in our lives and about the way that we live t hem is a fundamental part of our sociological make-up. A main factor in modern government is what is dubbed â€Å"Party Politics†. Each party with its manifesto attempts to gain parliamentary superiority over others in each general election. People vote for the party that broadly represents the individual's values. Although, the average turnout for elections The most common method of categorising political theories is by use of a horizontal line from right to left (the far and moderate right, the right of centre, the centre and the left of centre, the moderate left, and the far left) gradually. What follows is an attempt to clarify this contentious issue of categorisation. It is not a defin... ...onflict and change. Politics is the means to creating a more organised and peaceful society, by providing methods to resolve conflict that naturally occurs in society. From this, politics also endeavours to further society to perfection and to create an absolute harmony between the ruling body and the populace. It thus aims to replace violence and prevent us from returning to chaos. Authority and order are the underlying features of politics and ensures its enforceability. Power underscores its very existence; it is necessary for politics exist. Without authority, politics simply is not feasible. The most visible and widely accepted example of politics is the workings of the governmental institutions. However, although at first glance one may not be aware of it, politics in its various forms is present wherever and whenever humans form a community. Returning to the writings and beliefs of Aristotle, politics is an intrinsic feature of mankind. References â€Å"Politics†, Heywood, Palgrave. 1997 â€Å"The Republic†, Plato (Tr Des. Lee), Penguin, 1987 â€Å"On Liberty†, J.S.Mills, Penguin, 1985 BBC Politics page: <http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk_politics/talking_politics/default.stm>

Nursing Care Plan Essay

Client name: Mrs. Chan Age/ sex: 48/F Medical diagnosis: Fluid overload, decreased TK output and decreased Hb Assessment date: 25-11-2012 Diagnostic statement (PES): Excess fluid volume related to compromised regulatory mechanism secondary to end-stage renal failure as evidence by peripheral edema and patient’s weight gained from 69.8kg to 73.6kg within 4 days. Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Goals & Expected Outcomes Nursing Interventions Rationales Methods of Evaluation Subjective data: 1. The client claimed her weight started to gain quickly 2 weeks before admission. 2. The client reported of taut and shiny skin appeared on the limbs and face. 3. The client complained on decreasing urinary output 2 weeks before admission. 4. The client complained of increasing SOB and orthopnoea Objective data: 1. Pressing thumb for 5s into the limbs’ skin and removed quickly resulted in pitting and graded at +1. 2. The client’s weight gained from 69.8kg to 73.6kg from 25/11/2012 to 29/11/2012. 3. Reduced CAPD output was noted. 4. Shifting dullness on abdomen was noted. Dysfunctional health pattern: Nutrition and Metabolism Problem: Excess fluid volume Etiology:  related to compromised regulatory mechanism secondary to end-stage renal failure Defining characteristics/ Signs & symptoms : 1. Client’s weight gained from 69.8kg to 73.6kg within 4 days. 2. Peripheral edema graded at +1. Goals: The client will exhibit decreased edema on peripheral. Expected outcomes: 1. The client can regain fluid balance as evidenced by weight loss accessed by3/12/2012 2. The client will be able to verbalize the restricted amount of necessary dietary like sodium and fluid as prescribed by 3/12/2012. 3. The client will be able to demonstrate 1 method to access edema by 3/12/2012 4. The client will demonstrate 2 method to help reduce edema by 3/12/2012 1. Ongoing assessments a) Record 24hrs intake and output balance. b) Weigh at 0600 and 1800 daily 2. Therapeutic interventions a) Introduce the needs for low sodium diet and the lower the fluid intake less than 800ml b) Apply stockings while lying down and check extremities  frequently for adequate circulation. c) Advise the client to elevate her feet when sitting 3. Education for client and caregivers a) Plan ROM exercise for all extremities every 4h b) Teach pressing thumb for 5s into the skin and grading if appear in pitting. c) Educate the sign and syndromes of edema. d) Teach to avoid canned and frozen food and cook without salt and use spices to add flavour. 1a) Weight client daily can monitor trends to evaluate interventions.( Lewis& Sharon Mantik., 2011) b) Monitor IO chat can determine effect of treatment on kidney function( Lewis& Sharon Mantik., 2011) 2a) High-sodium intake leads to increase water retention(Carpenito, L. J., 2010) b) Compression stockings increase venous return and reduce venous pooling. (Carpenito, L. J., 2010) c) This prevent fluid accumulation in the lower extremities. (Gulamick & Myers, 2007) 3a) Contracting skeletal muscles increase lymph flow and reduce edema. (Carpenito, L. J., 2010) b&c) Client and caregiver can help monitor and control fluid overload ( Lewis& Sharon Mantik., 2011) d) Restrict the sodium intake can decrease the feeling of thirst to drink water. ( Gulamick & Myers, 2007) 1. Keep checking on the change of client’s weight. 2. Assess the client’s edema condition every day by pressing. 3. Ask the client to demonstrate the method for accessing and reducing edema. 4. Ask the client to record the menu eaten for checking the eating habits. 5. Ask the client to verbalize syndromes of edema.

How to make friends?

Good morning Principal, teachers and fellow students, Welcome all new Form 1 students. This is the first school assembly. It's our honour to have all come back to our school and to feel the harmonious atmosphere around the school. Form 1 stage is a critical period in which students need to adapt to the new environment. It's a transitional period for you and you have to overcome these sorts of psychological changes. In the new school year, you will meet different people who are new to you, you will have many subjects that you haven't encountered in primary school. I am the Chairman of the school counseling service. My name is Chris Wong from 6S. I am going to give all Form 1 new students some suggestions on how to make friends. Firstly, let me tell you the importance of making friends briefly. According to Confucianism, ‘friends' are one of the five important elements in interpersonal relationships. Friends give consolation, point out the mistakes you make and urge you to correct them. Friends are to be trusted and have the responsibility to ‘monitor' each other. Friends are spread all over the world. Confucius even said, ‘Teachers are also your FRIENDS because they not only teach you knowledge and learning tactics, but they also teach you social ethics and morals. Morals are clues to guide you – not to act improperly, not to go astray.' You see, friends are so important to us! Okay, let us move to ‘what attracts people to each other'. There are two definitions. From a micro-view, people are always attracted by same gender, same age, same school, same residential building, and so on. This is because making friends depends on the interpersonal distance between them. The closer they are and the more often they see each other, the greater chance there is of making friends. From a macro-view, friends are not limited to the aforementioned factors – friends are spread all around the world. There are no boundary limitations to making friends. If people only have the same hobbies and feel good to meet each other, they will become friends. I hope you will catch what I mean. Maybe I give you some real examples on ways to make friends, then you will have a better understanding on what I mentioned before. Firstly, ‘being active' is of the utmost importance in making friends. Try not to be shy and dare to initiate the conversation. This is ‘interaction' because the relationship of friends is bilateral, it can never be unilateral. For example, you can start the conversation by saying, ‘Hi! It's hot. It'll be good to go swimming. I like swimming, do you like swimming?†¦' The content of the conversation is mainly about the same hobby. Of course, there are other ways to make friends, say, inviting somebody or even a group of people to a party, to a ball, to a feast, etc. Invitations are a symbol of sincerity. People like to see someone else treat them in a friendly manner, so it is another good way to make friends. Ah†¦May I add a point? Just now, I talked about making friends who have the same hobby as you. You may even bring your actual stuffs along with you and give them a look. Say, if you like collecting stamps, you may being a stamp album along. So, when you feel bored, you can take out the album and discuss with your friends the meaning of collecting stamps, like learning others' practices and customs and enhancing cultural awareness. Or if you like playing ball games, you can take a ball with you. You'll find it very useful in case you need it. There are additional benefits, playing sports is fun and improve our cardiovascular functions. Let me discuss the ways to make friends. In the ‘Age of the Information Explosion', people can make friends on the Internet with the aid of devices, like ICQ, MSN and Skype. If you have a web camera and a microphone connected to the computer, you can even have audio and visual conversations with your acquaintance on the other side of the world. Making friends in the Net is not ‘virtual' as some people say, but it may be risky sometimes. So, let's move on how to make friends carefully. Not everyone is kind-hearted, some are criminals and crooks, especially when we make friends on the Net, and we need to be very careful since you don't have a face-to-face contact with the other even though you have a web camera. So, my advice is first, don't meet the ‘friend' you make on the Net alone, in case. Meet him or her along with your parents. Second, don't tell your private personal information, say, ID cxard number, phone number, address to them under any circumstances. Of course, we need to be self-disciplined when making friends. Don't tell lies on the Net! Indeed, there are two kinds of friends. One kind is called ‘true friends' and another kind is called ‘acquaintances'. It is very difficult to find true friends who totally have no barrier between you and him or her. But, you can make acquaintances very easily. So, the best way to do is to ‘turn your foes into your acquaintance.' An enemy is no good, so you can turn them to acquaintances by just saying hello and goodbye to them. In this way, you can keep him with certain distance but the relationship is not antagonistic. In the meantime, you should try hard to consolidate and enhance your relationship with your true friends. Treasure them! Value them! Don't lie to them! In conclusion, it's never difficult to make friends unless people become extinct. So, try your best to make good friends who are beneficial to you. I hope all you guys adapt to our school life this year. Thank you!